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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a coffee enthusiast you're likely aware that different beans have different flavor profiles. Find out more about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a variety of Liberica, are grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity, more tart flavor and are frequently used in blends of beans to give them added depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee in the world and accounts for 75% of the world's coffee bean production. Arabica beans are sweeter and less acidic than Robusta, and come in different flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of a coffee may vary in a wide range depending on the cultivation conditions and the processing methods employed to produce it.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word that means berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that grow within bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds found that their goats were stimulated by eating the berries. The cultivation of coffee grew rapidly around the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and thrive with cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the reasons for why Arabica is regarded as the best-tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee beans coffee shops and roasters are focused on finding their arabica beans in a sustainable manner by focusing on fair compensation for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to create distinctive coffees that are well-suited for various brewing methods. Blending allows for control over the flavour, aroma and body of the coffee and is typically preferred to create an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most commonly used variety of coffee bean that is grown worldwide. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more protected against pests and diseases. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids that are antioxidants that naturally occur. However, these acids can cause oxidation during the process of brewing coffee and can cause undesirable flavors.

The plant is more resilient than the arabica, and can grow in less favorable conditions. It can tolerate higher temperatures and does well in direct sunlight. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a cheaper crop to grow.

Although it may sound contradictory the fact is that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended to create coffee blends. If you find names such as Uganda or Kenya on a coffee beans types bag, it's possible that there's also some robusta.

The majority of roasters make use of a mix of arabica and coffee beans to reduce costs and maintain quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor you should select the highest quality beans from a trusted source. The best way to do this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape that is similar to a football which makes them different from other coffee beans. They have a scent that is floral, fruity and smoky. They are often added to other coffee bean to cup coffee beans varieties to create a fuller, more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They can grow in low altitudes, and they can tolerate humid, hot climates. They also have a much better resistance to disease than Arabica and Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for home-growing. The seeds can be found on the internet from a variety of sources, but it is best to purchase them locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions to grow Liberica coffee beans sale are fertile deep volcano soils, with a pH that is moderately acidic as well as sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is another type of coffee bean. It was originally classified as a separate species, but has now been classified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans are oval-shaped and are grown on large coffee plants, which can grow to 20 to 30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their unique flavor is tart and sour, which makes them a popular option for blends in the home. They have a lighter aroma and caffeine content that is less than Arabica or Robusta but still have a distinct flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans types beans aren't as widely used as Arabica and Robusta, even though they are the fourth most popular. They were actually thought to be an entirely different species of coffee until 2006, when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Today, they're grown mainly in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans are shaped like a teardrop and possess a dark, mysterious taste. These beans are often utilized to give blends extra body and a sweet tart flavor of ripe fruit.

Arabica beans are the most popular and are known for having more sweetness. They thrive at high altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They also have a bit of acidity. If properly roasted and brewed they may have notes of nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most popular coffee in the world, and makes up around 40% of the coffee consumed globally. These beans are rounder and smaller, yet contain more caffeine than Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and are more likely to have woody and earthy overtones.

After having a better understanding of the four most commonly used types, it's now time to select your favorite brew. If you prefer a smooth and delicate flavor opt for an arabica or a blend made up of arabica beans and robusta beans.