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Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction

A wheelchair ramp can be an effective tool to help your loved ones live more independently at home. If not designed correctly they could be dangerous to use.

ADA regulations require level landings at all changes in direction to avoid compound slopes. They also must provide a grippy surface for wheelchair users.

Design

The ramp design must meet the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards to ensure that wheelchairs comfortably navigate the structure. The ramp's slope must not exceed a 1:12 ratio and the landings should be level in any change of direction or shift on the ramp's surface. It must also be constructed using treated lumber which is more durable than untreated lumber and can weather precipitation better.

The top and bottom of the ramp should be clear of obstacles such as bushes, trees or other structures that can interfere with the safe passage of the ramp's user. In addition, the ramp's surface must be hard and non-slip. Some municipalities require that the entire ramp be covered with an anti-slip surface.

Use treated lumber at minimum four inches wide for the ramp frame. To secure the ramp, build posts that are at least 8 feet apart and extend to below ground level. Spindles are the best way to connect the posts to the ramp's railings. This type of connection is preferred since it reduces the risk of the ramp operator falling off the side of the ramp.

Then, construct the frame for the ramp using joists that are at most 16 inches long and beams of 2 by 4 inches. The joists must be at least 18 inches above ground and secured with Joist hangings which are nails that fit within the joists, preventing them from sliding. Attach the ramp decking using a framing nailer.

Install an upper landing close to the doorway, allowing wheelchair occupants to manage the doorswing easily. This landing should have 12 to 24 inches on the handle side of out-swinging doors. The landing for doors that are in-swinging must be 58 by 60 inches in order to accommodate the threshold of the door and a wheelchair user who needs to go backwards through the doorway.

Install a level landing when you change the direction of the ramp, to avoid wheelchairs from having their brakes on corners. A level landing is easier to remove a ramp of the way when needed, so that equipment like lawnmowers can pass beneath it.

Materials

The material used to construct ramps for wheelchairs could be either concrete, wood or aluminum. A professional ramp installation service will help you choose the best option for your business or home. When selecting the material for the ramp, it is crucial to consider your budget and requirements. The ramp should also be easy to maintain and safe for use. Some cities require that the ramp be paved with a non-slip surface.

Be sure to check with your local government for permits prior to building or purchasing materials. Also, be certain to follow the local building codes. Making use of the incorrect materials or methods of construction can lead to dangerous conditions for wheelchair users. You can get the most up-to-date information on construction requirements at your local government's building department office library or online.

Wood ramps are typically the least expensive of ADA rubber ramp For wheelchair materials, but they require more care than other alternatives. The surface of wood ramps need to be regularly treated with a sealer to prevent warping and rot. Wood can split and be hazardous for those using wheelchairs. Wood ramps also require extra support to ensure the structure is maintained.

Concrete ramps can be expensive but they are also durable and long lasting. They are heavy, which means that more labor is required to install ramps and may make it difficult to move the ramp after it is no longer needed. Concrete ramps are strong enough to support the weight of power wheelchairs.

Aluminum ramps are lighter and less expensive than steel or concrete. They also have the same durability, strength, and resistance to corrosion. They are also more affordable than iron or steel which makes them an ideal choice for those with a tight budget. Aluminum is also green, since it is found naturally in the Earth's crust, and can be recycled.

The ramp's upper landing must be level or within 3/8 inches of the threshold of the door in order for wheelchairs with smaller wheels to pass across the ramp without getting stuck. Ramps that have a gap greater than this will not meet ADA standards. It is also important to make sure that the ramp transitions smoothly between the upper landing and the ground surface. The last section of the ramp should be a an angled transition to prevent the abrupt stop of wheelchairs as they enter or leave an apartment.

Installation

A wheelchair ramp is an inclined plane that is installed on top of or instead of steps. It allows wheelchair users as well as those who use carts or strollers to reach areas that would otherwise be difficult to access.

When selecting a vehicle wheelchair ramps access ramp, there are numerous factors to consider, such as the location, height, and cost. The ramp should be placed closest to the door in order to avoid unnecessary travel ramps for wheelchairs. It should be placed at a level where the person using it can be able to easily access it. It should also be secured to the ground and free of obstructions, such as shrubbery or parked cars.

ADA regulations require that ramps should have handrails on either side. The rails should be at least 36" apart and have smooth or rounded gripping surface. They must also be attached to the edge of the ramp and extend 12 inches beyond the ramp. Handrails should be continuous if the ramp is designed with switchbacks or in an L-shaped layout.

The length of a ramp varies on the slope, however there are several standard ramp types that can be used in most situations. For instance, a threshold ramp sits flush along the lip of a curb, or the threshold of a doorway while ramps that are portable can be moved from one place to another and are available in many different sizes. Modular aluminum ramps may also be assembled on-site. These are often used for commercial or public spaces, and are typically larger than the threshold and ramps that are portable.

Consult with your city's building department to determine the need for a permit for an enduring ramp. It's recommended to consult a mobility expert to find out what type of ramp is best suited to your needs and the space you have. In certain situations installing permanent ramps could improve the value of your house.

Maintenance

It is crucial to keep your ramp for wheelchairs in good condition especially if it will be used regularly. You'll need to perform regular inspections, and fix any structural issues as they occur. This will help ensure the ramp is compliant with all ADA requirements and is safe for all users.

Wooden ramps require regular cleaning to remove dirt and debris that could block access. Keep the ramp spotless to stop moisture from building up under the surface. This could cause rot. Preservatives and stains for wood only work effectively if the ramp is completely clean prior to application.

Wheelchair ramps are more difficult to maintain than other metal ramps for wheelchair because they are more prone to wear and tear. It is essential to have the proper tools. To ensure that all fixings are secure and secure you'll need an excellent set of screwdrivers and gauge spanners. It is also important to regularly inspect the handrails for signs of damage or corrosion. With time and repeated use, it's not uncommon that some bolts or fittings that are anchored the handrails to come loose. This can be a safety concern for anyone who is using the ramp.

It is also important to make sure that the surface of the ramp is sufficiently grippy particularly in winter, when the conditions can be difficult. You'll need to clean away any dirt, leaves or other debris that could obstruct and cause slippage. Additionally, you'll need to apply a non-corrosive ice melt to the ramp's surface before winter arrives to avoid slips and injury.

If you're planning to use your ramp all winter months, you should consider purchasing wheels for traction, or "snow tires" for your wheelchair. These wheels are designed to be more efficient on slippery and snowy surfaces. They can help you stay on your ramp more effectively than normal wheelchair tires. You can also place heating pads or tape along the ramp's surface how to make a wheelchair ramp melt ice and snow before it gets accumulated.