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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
CLKs' understanding and ability to make use of relational affordances, as well as the learner-internal aspects, were crucial. RIs from TS and ZL for instance were able to cite their relationship with their local professor as a major factor in their rational decision to avoid criticizing a strict professor (see examples 2).
This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published up to 2020. It focuses on key pragmatic topics including:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The discourse completion test (DCT) is an instrument that is widely used in pragmatic research. It has many advantages, but also a few disadvantages. For instance it is that the DCT cannot take into account the cultural and individual variations in communication. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. It is important to carefully analyze the data before being used for research or assessment.
Despite its limitations the DCT can be a useful instrument to study the relationship between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. Its ability to use two or more stages to influence the social variables that are related to politeness is a plus. This feature can be used to study the effect of prosody in various cultural contexts.
In the field of linguistics the DCT is now one of the most significant instruments for analyzing learners' communication behaviors. It can be used to examine various aspects that include politeness, turn taking, and lexical selection. It can be used to assess the level of phonological sophistication in learners speaking.
Recent research used a DCT as tool to evaluate the skills of refusal among EFL students. Participants were presented with a variety of scenarios to choose from and then asked to choose the appropriate response. The researchers found that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be used with caution and include other types of data collection methods.
DCTs are usually developed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, like content and 프라그마틱 무료게임 form. These criteria are based on intuition and based upon the assumptions of test developers. They may not be accurate, and they may misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually resist requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for further studies of different methods to assess refusal ability.
In a recent study, DCT responses to student requests via email were compared to those from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCT encouraged more direct and conventionally form-based requests and made a less frequent use of hints than email data did.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study examined Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean. It used various tools for experimentation such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs with upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked to reflect on their evaluation and refusal performance in RIs. The results showed that CLKs are more likely to resist native Korean pragmatism norms. Their choices were influenced by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities, their current lives and their relationships. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
The MQ data was analyzed in order to determine the participants' choices in practice. The data was categorized according Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their choices with their linguistic performance on the DCTs in order to determine if they were a sign of resistance to pragmatics. Interviewees also had to explain the reasons for choosing an atypical behavior in certain situations.
The results of the MQs and DCTs were then examined using descriptive statistics and z-tests. It was found that CLKs frequently resorted to the use of euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" and "thank you." This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target language, which led to an insufficient knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preference to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to move towards L1 norms varied based on the DCT circumstances. For example, in Situation 3 and 12 the CLKs favored to diverge from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 they favored a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs revealed that CLKs knew about their practical resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days after the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs, which were recorded and transcribed by two coders who were independent and then coded. The coding process was an iterative process, where the coders read and discussed each transcript. The results of coding are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine whether they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is why learners decide to rescind the pragmatic norms of native speakers. A recent study sought to answer this question by employing a range of experimental tools, such as DCTs MQs, 프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프 DCTs and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were required to complete the DCTs in their native language and complete the MQs either in their L1 or L2. Then they were invited to attend a RI where they were asked reflect on their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that CLKs, on average, did not adhere to the norms of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this even when they were able to create patterns that were similar to natives. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their decision to learner-internal factors such as their personality and multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors such as relational benefits. They outlined, for instance how their relationships with their professors allowed them to perform better in terms of the linguistic and cultural expectations of their university.
However, the interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and punishments they could be subjected to if they strayed from the local social norms. They were concerned that their native interlocutors may view them as "foreigners" and think they were ignorant. This was a concern similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native speakers pragmatic norms aren't the default preference for Korean learners. They may remain useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should consider reassessing the usefulness of these tests in various cultural contexts and specific situations. This will help them better comprehend how different environments can affect the pragmatic behavior of learners in the classroom and beyond. This will also help educators improve their methods of teaching and 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯 불법 (socialioapp.com) testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor for Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based out of Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is a method that focuses on intensive, participant-centered research to explore a particular subject. It is a method that uses multiple data sources to help support the findings, such as interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This type of investigation can be used to study unique or 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지 complex topics that are difficult for other methods to assess.
In a case study the first step is to define the subject and the purpose of the study. This will allow you to determine which aspects of the topic are important to investigate and which ones can be skipped. It is also helpful to study the research to gain a broad understanding of the subject. It will also help place the case in a larger theoretical context.
This study was conducted on an open source platform, the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study revealed that L2 Korean learners were highly susceptible to the influence of native models. They tended to select wrong answer choices that were literal interpretations of prompts, which were not based on precise pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own text or "garbage," to their responses, further reducing the quality of their responses.
Furthermore, the participants of this case study were L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at the end of their second or third year at university and were aiming for level 6 for their next test. They were asked to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC and pragmatic awareness and comprehension.
The interviewees were presented with two scenarios, each of which involved an imaginary interaction with their interactants and asked to choose one of the following strategies to employ when making a request. Interviewees were then asked to justify their decision. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatist opposition to their personality. For example, TS claimed that she was difficult to talk to, and therefore did not want to inquire about the health of her interlocutors despite having a heavy workload, even though she believed that native Koreans would ask.
CLKs' understanding and ability to make use of relational affordances, as well as the learner-internal aspects, were crucial. RIs from TS and ZL for instance were able to cite their relationship with their local professor as a major factor in their rational decision to avoid criticizing a strict professor (see examples 2).
This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published up to 2020. It focuses on key pragmatic topics including:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The discourse completion test (DCT) is an instrument that is widely used in pragmatic research. It has many advantages, but also a few disadvantages. For instance it is that the DCT cannot take into account the cultural and individual variations in communication. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. It is important to carefully analyze the data before being used for research or assessment.
Despite its limitations the DCT can be a useful instrument to study the relationship between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. Its ability to use two or more stages to influence the social variables that are related to politeness is a plus. This feature can be used to study the effect of prosody in various cultural contexts.
In the field of linguistics the DCT is now one of the most significant instruments for analyzing learners' communication behaviors. It can be used to examine various aspects that include politeness, turn taking, and lexical selection. It can be used to assess the level of phonological sophistication in learners speaking.
Recent research used a DCT as tool to evaluate the skills of refusal among EFL students. Participants were presented with a variety of scenarios to choose from and then asked to choose the appropriate response. The researchers found that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be used with caution and include other types of data collection methods.
DCTs are usually developed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, like content and 프라그마틱 무료게임 form. These criteria are based on intuition and based upon the assumptions of test developers. They may not be accurate, and they may misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually resist requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for further studies of different methods to assess refusal ability.
In a recent study, DCT responses to student requests via email were compared to those from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCT encouraged more direct and conventionally form-based requests and made a less frequent use of hints than email data did.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study examined Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean. It used various tools for experimentation such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs with upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked to reflect on their evaluation and refusal performance in RIs. The results showed that CLKs are more likely to resist native Korean pragmatism norms. Their choices were influenced by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities, their current lives and their relationships. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
The MQ data was analyzed in order to determine the participants' choices in practice. The data was categorized according Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their choices with their linguistic performance on the DCTs in order to determine if they were a sign of resistance to pragmatics. Interviewees also had to explain the reasons for choosing an atypical behavior in certain situations.
The results of the MQs and DCTs were then examined using descriptive statistics and z-tests. It was found that CLKs frequently resorted to the use of euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" and "thank you." This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target language, which led to an insufficient knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preference to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to move towards L1 norms varied based on the DCT circumstances. For example, in Situation 3 and 12 the CLKs favored to diverge from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 they favored a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs revealed that CLKs knew about their practical resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days after the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs, which were recorded and transcribed by two coders who were independent and then coded. The coding process was an iterative process, where the coders read and discussed each transcript. The results of coding are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine whether they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is why learners decide to rescind the pragmatic norms of native speakers. A recent study sought to answer this question by employing a range of experimental tools, such as DCTs MQs, 프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프 DCTs and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were required to complete the DCTs in their native language and complete the MQs either in their L1 or L2. Then they were invited to attend a RI where they were asked reflect on their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that CLKs, on average, did not adhere to the norms of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this even when they were able to create patterns that were similar to natives. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their decision to learner-internal factors such as their personality and multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors such as relational benefits. They outlined, for instance how their relationships with their professors allowed them to perform better in terms of the linguistic and cultural expectations of their university.
However, the interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and punishments they could be subjected to if they strayed from the local social norms. They were concerned that their native interlocutors may view them as "foreigners" and think they were ignorant. This was a concern similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native speakers pragmatic norms aren't the default preference for Korean learners. They may remain useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should consider reassessing the usefulness of these tests in various cultural contexts and specific situations. This will help them better comprehend how different environments can affect the pragmatic behavior of learners in the classroom and beyond. This will also help educators improve their methods of teaching and 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯 불법 (socialioapp.com) testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor for Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based out of Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is a method that focuses on intensive, participant-centered research to explore a particular subject. It is a method that uses multiple data sources to help support the findings, such as interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This type of investigation can be used to study unique or 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지 complex topics that are difficult for other methods to assess.
In a case study the first step is to define the subject and the purpose of the study. This will allow you to determine which aspects of the topic are important to investigate and which ones can be skipped. It is also helpful to study the research to gain a broad understanding of the subject. It will also help place the case in a larger theoretical context.
This study was conducted on an open source platform, the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study revealed that L2 Korean learners were highly susceptible to the influence of native models. They tended to select wrong answer choices that were literal interpretations of prompts, which were not based on precise pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own text or "garbage," to their responses, further reducing the quality of their responses.
Furthermore, the participants of this case study were L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at the end of their second or third year at university and were aiming for level 6 for their next test. They were asked to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC and pragmatic awareness and comprehension.
The interviewees were presented with two scenarios, each of which involved an imaginary interaction with their interactants and asked to choose one of the following strategies to employ when making a request. Interviewees were then asked to justify their decision. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatist opposition to their personality. For example, TS claimed that she was difficult to talk to, and therefore did not want to inquire about the health of her interlocutors despite having a heavy workload, even though she believed that native Koreans would ask.
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